Colorectal Polyps

What are colorectal polyps?

Colorectal polyps are a common medical issue in Singapore. They cause abnormal growths found inside the colon or rectum. They can be non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). However, because they can become cancerous, earlier detection and intervention are crucial.

Generally, there are three types of colorectal polyps, namely:

• Adenomatous polyps: adenomatous polyps are the most common type and have the potential to progress into colorectal cancer over time.
• Hyperplastic polyps: hyperplastic polyps are typically benign and have an extremely low risk of developing into cancer.
• Sessile serrated polyps (SSPs): SSPs are less common, but they can develop into cancer, especially if they are large in size or have certain characteristics.

What causes colorectal polyps?

The exact cause of colorectal polyps is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to their development. These include genetic factors, family history of polyps or colorectal cancer, chronic inflammation of the colon (such as inflammatory bowel disease), and lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, and obesity. 

What are the symptoms of colorectal polyps?

Colorectal polyps often do not cause symptoms, especially in the early stages. However, as they grow larger or become cancerous, the symptoms of large or cancerous colonic polyps include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Anaemia
• Rectal bleeding or bloody stools (dark or bright red)
• Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation and diarrhoea
• Changes in stool consistency
• Fatigue or weakness
• Rectal bleeding
• Unexplained weight loss

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms stated above, make an appointment with Lee Surgery & Endoscopy for a proper evaluation.

Who is at risk of colorectal polyps in Singapore?

Several factors may increase the risk of developing colorectal polyps in Singapore, including:

• Age: the risk of developing polyps increases with age, especially after 50 years old.
• Genetics: some individuals may inherit a genetic predisposition to developing polyps or colorectal cancer. Having a family history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer can increase the risk of developing polyps.
• History of polyps: individuals with a history of colorectal polyps are more likely to develop more polyps.
• Certain medical conditions: some hereditary conditions, like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome, can increase the risk of developing polyps or colorectal cancer.

What are the chances of colorectal polyps becoming cancerous?

The chances of colorectal polyps becoming cancerous vary as it depends on several factors, such as:

• Type of polyps: adenomatous polyps have the highest potential to develop into colorectal cancer, even more so if they are large or present certain activities like high-grade dysplasia or villous histology. SSPs similarly have the potential to progress to cancer if they are large or dysplastic.
• Size of polyps: polyps larger than 1 cm are generally considered to have a higher risk of becoming cancerous.
• Number of polyps: if you have multiple adenomatous polyps or SSPs, you have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to those with a single polyp.
• Family history: a family history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer increases the risk of developing cancerous polyps.

Even though most colorectal polyps are benign, it is crucial to undergo regular screening and follow-ups to monitor any changes to the polyps. Contact Lee Surgery & Endoscopy to book your appointment.

How are colorectal polyps diagnosed in Singapore?

Colorectal polyps are diagnosed by a combination of diagnostic procedures, including:

• Colonoscopy: a colonoscopy is the most common and reliable method of detecting and diagnosing colorectal polyps. If polyps are found during the procedure, they are removed for further examination.
• Virtual colonoscopy: a virtual colonoscopy, also known as computerised tomography (CT) colonography, uses a CT scanner to create a detailed image of the colon. Although it is less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy, it still requires the bowel to be prepped. If polyps are present, a follow-up colonoscopy will be required to have the polyps removed.
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy: a flexible sigmoidoscopy is like a colonoscopy, but it only examines the lower part of the colon instead of the whole colon.
• Stool tests: stool tests can detect blood in the stools, which may indicate the presence of polyps or colorectal cancer. A follow-up colonoscopy will be scheduled to confirm the diagnosis if the results are positive.

What are the treatment options for colorectal polyps in Singapore?

Once a diagnosis has been confirmed, your specialist will start you on a treatment plan. Treatments for colorectal polyps in Singapore may include:

• Polypectomy: a polypectomy often occurs during a colonoscopy. During the procedure, a polypectomy snare is passed through the colonoscopy to remove the polyp. Once the polyp is removed, it is sent to the laboratory to determine whether it is benign or malignant.
• Surgical intervention: if the polyp is large, your doctor may recommend a surgical approach to remove the polyps laparoscopically. A laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive, where the laparoscope and working instruments are inserted into the abdomen via surgical ports to remove the affected part of the colon. However, if a laparoscopic approach is impossible, your doctor may proceed with open surgery.

Schedule an appointment with Lee Surgery & Endoscopy to learn more about our services. Your journey to a healthier colon starts here.

Frequently asked questions

How serious are polyps in the colon?

The seriousness of polyps in the colon depends on several factors, including the type, size, number, individual risk factors, and overall health. While most colon polyps are benign (noncancerous) and do not cause symptoms, some may carry a risk of developing into colorectal cancer over time. 

Do colon polyps need to be removed?

While most colon polyps are benign and do not develop into cancer, they are usually removed as a preventative measure. 

Can colon polyps go away on their own?

While some small colon polyps may regress or disappear on their own, especially if they are benign and inflammatory, it is not common for colon polyps to spontaneously resolve without intervention. Most colon polyps, particularly precancerous adenomas, tend to persist and may grow larger over time if left untreated.